STATUTE  OF  LIBERTY
            STATUTE  OF  LIMITATION
     Chinese university students initiated the protest demonstration  in Tiananmen Square,  13 May, 1989,  to demand Democracy,  and greater Freedom  from State imposed restraints.  Students  constructed a statue  named the Goddess of Liberty  to symbolize the ideas  they learned in the university,  and  to serve as a focal point  for the demonstrations.  The symbolism of a military tank  shown knocking down the symbol of Liberty  (demonstrated by official Government television coverage),  served to focus attention of the entire world  on the consequences of the ideas  represented by the symbols.  This is not  just an impulsive fight,  but the inevitable conflict  which divides  —  men  who attempt to untie  by acting on  contradictory ideas.
     The activities of the Chinese Army  did not stop  after they had put down  “rebellious elements”  in Tiananmen Square  with a  “bloody assault”  Sunday morning,  4 June, 1989.   “State run television  hailed the assault on the students  as a glorious victory;”  and  “As night fell Sunday,  troops began arriving  at dozens of campuses,  the scene of the genesis  of this spring’s  democracy movement.”   “Even before the massacre began  late Saturday,  the Government had already begun  quietly arresting  those considered instrumental  in the uprising,  or those  who would make good examples  to deter others  from joining the dissidents.”  (St. Petersburg TIMES — 5 June, 1989.)
                    Social  Power
     Ideas made possible  the ability of unarmed students  to arrest  the previous military attempt  to remove the “rebellious elements”  from Tiananmen Square.  Language and ideas  are the fundamental means  of motivating and guiding individuals  to co-operate  as a social organization.  “Society” can not  originate a goal;  only an  individual Human is capable of the volitional activity  of creating  or choosing to accept a goal.  Awareness of the same ideas and goals:  provides the foundation  which guides individuals  who unite as a Society  to achieve each man’s self interest.  The will  and action of each man  to satisfy his own desires  is a natural force  which may be harnessed  to move mountains,  when these desires can be unified  and directed.  Reason is the only power  which can increase the personal rewards  for everyone  who agrees to join  in productive,  voluntary activity— to divide the products.  The Social condition which allows personal choice— is sociable.  “Society”  is peas-full and civilized.
     When a person chooses an irrational goal,  the limitation of Existence  is an Absolute barrier  to any attempts  to create contradiction.  Every idea which is used  to direct the changes  necessary to achieve a goal  must be true.  In order to destroy a true idea,  it will be necessary to destroy  every mind which accepts it— all Human thought must be stopped,  and every Man  reduced to the level of a savage,  brute animal.  How does one arrest thought?  Communicate a different idea:  Terror!

2.                   STATUTE OF LIBERTY
     Intellectuals  and professors at the universities  are the source of ideas  to the students.  This is why  Mao Tse-tung  sent the teachers out  to remote collective farms  and destroyed the universities:  to arrest  and quarantine  any ideas  contrary to his own— to split  the unity of voluntary agreement.
     The Free Market  is the ultimate  “free” public school,  available to all individuals,  any time  one can find another person  willing to trade.  “The Market”  is a social school  which demonstrates Civil relations.  The most thriving “school” of Liberty and Democratic society  exists in nearby  Hong Kong.  Stock exchange share prices  fell more than 25%,  just after the Chinese Government  expressed its social principles on  Sunday,  4 June.  Banks slashed  Hong Kong mortgage valuations  by 30%  during the week ending 23 June, 1989.
     These market changes  are a Democratic response  to Chinese Government actions.  The direct experience of physical well being  is the reward  available to those who learn.  Failure and discomfort  is a personal guide  to redirect one’s efforts.  Alert observers  benefit from such examples.  There is no automatic success.  One is free to repeat each lesson.  And cheating is restricted  by the discrimination of every person  who trades for his own self interest.  (Which does not apply to  “public servants”,  who do trade  for the “public good.”)
     The fact that  each Human  has different desires,  goods,  and abilities  makes co-operation  more rewarding  than separate efforts.  More choices  and greater satisfaction  are possible with Division of labor.  Vicious predators and slaves  are un-civilized;  and hermits  are not sociable.  Unequal Individuals  are united by  equality of Law,  to define and protect  “Civilization” and “Society.”
     The Free Market discriminates on principle.  Man’s life depends on his choices.  Only Man  is capable of creating Injustice:  by choosing to sever the effects of choice —  from the person  who caused  these effects.  Man’s choices are guided by principles.  Man’s life depends on the principle of  Justice.
     The Free Market  does not reward arbitrary criteria of discrimination:  Each choice must identify the best quality of goods available;  and the most discriminating judge of quality  earns the best rewards.  Arbitrary prejudices  or Indiscriminate judgement  will achieve the result of all random activity:  failure!  Prejudices against better alternatives  will justly reward a bigot  with inferior quality goods and services.  Immediate law enforcement  to stop Injustice,  has greater risk of arbitrary results,  while  Justice is gradual and inevitable  in market relations.  Unjust preferences  can not be imposed on other individuals  in a Free Market:  Justice is the result and reward of choice.
     Human society originates in the mind  of every Individual  who co-wills  with  other Individual minds;  and co-operates to increase the effects of their productive activity.  The desired End  is not Human society.  Social relations are a means  to allow the Human Action of Reason— the primary cause  of these Human effects.  The science of society  begins  when men identify:  There is no contradiction  or conflict of interests  for Reason  and voluntary— “sociable” relations.  Individual Man  harnesses the social power of Reason  by uniting the choices of the  “community” of men.  The motive power of society is the desire  to effect more personal reward  from the same labor.

3.                   STATUTE OF LIMITATION
     The identity of Man  is the cause of Human nature.  Volitional action  is the nature of Man— which is the activity  that produces Human values and wealth.  Man is unique:  his actions are independent of external conditions.  The Human Action of Choice  is the cause of  Man’s actions.  External forces  such as gravity,  limit the actions  a man may perform.  Man chooses to multiply those forces he desires  and diminish those he detests.  Man does not control the reflex actions of his nervous system  or the chemical digestion of his food.  But his attention is directed by choice,  and he chooses the food he eats.
     Valid  LAW  is recognition of Limited Existence.
     The Laws  which each man must “obey”  if he chooses to possess his life:  are the immutable relations  of cause to effect.  Laws of nature  limit the choices  which allow further choices— the Laws of survival.  Statute Laws  are created and enforced  to limit the activity of individuals  in social relations.  Government Statutes are not limited  by the laws of causality.  Legislation is not  Ipse-Dixit— whether one act independently,  or joins with a crowd of deluded lunatics.  The Power of consensus  for people who act on suicidal ideas  is the social power  to delude more victims.  Ideas bias the choice of  Ends  and Means.  The correspondence of Ideas  and Causality— determines human history:  of barbarism or civilization.
     If every encounter  between human beings  entailed the risk of unprovoked attack and physical struggle,  there would be no Society.  Each meeting between Humans  would present the choice:  overpower a mortal enemy,  or escape and hide!  Gangs of armed cannibals,  organized to hunt other Humans  as their prey,  are not a refinement of Social co-operation.  Jungle savagery is inevitable,  when “Societies”  are re-organized  by the same principles  as cannibals:  absolute gang rule,  masquerading as Democracy.  Merchants and traders  do not exist in uncivilized jungles.  The primary difference is  recognition of Individual Right — property Rights.
     Physical climate and Social Climate  affect survival.  Freedom and Liberty  do not exist in physical Nature.  Whether  the hazards of weather,  wild animals,  pestilence and insects— Death is the inescapable limitation of any careless choice.  Hazards of violent attack,  enslavement,  and coercion  by any stronger neighbor,  are arrested  by a system of Political Government.  Humans  create the Man-made  Human Social Climate:  LIBERTY.
     Co-operation  among Independent Sovereigns:
     Every participant of the Free Market  is absolute sovereign  in every respect  open to Human Choice.  Un-popular social relations  do not continue  in a climate of liberty.  Each person  governs his own activity  and is free to appeal to the judgement of others.  One is free to work for compensation;  free to to negotiate for goods and services;  and free to make gifts to others.  One is not forced to trade  if not satisfied by the offer.  One has the Right to refuse!  Individual Rights  define the freedom to disagree  and withhold one’s property  from exchange— without threats or interference  from envious bystanders.

4.                   STATUTE OF LIBERTY
     Each person bares the consequences of his own choices.  Other men are free from his errors.  Man learns capture and subjugate all other animals.  Man learns to protect himself from capture,  and can choose to end his life,  rather than surrender his body  to the will of any other person.  Man is uniquely able to choose  How he lives:  as a productive Man;  or  as an animal  blind to possible improvements or destruction.
     Each individual  faces the consequences of the basic choice:  perform the Human activity— Reason;  or abdicate the Right to live among other Humans.  The default alternative is ignorance,  injury,  tryanny,  and death.  If a Man abdicates the Human activity of choosing his life,  he abdicates any Right to the consequences of choice:  property and liberty.  lawful forces  destroy his life.
     Isolated Man  “votes”  to change the conditions of the world.  He is free to exert his will  upon the rocks and plants and lower animals.  There is only one vote to consider— his own.  Man has greater intelligence  than any other being,  and prevails over all lower animals  by strength of Reason.
     Man can strengthen his captors  by providing the goods  which sustain them.  Or he can withhold  the “good”  which makes all other goods possible:  His Mind.  Deprived of the source of values— his mind,  looters and parasites  must face the ultimate choice:  produce the goods which sustain Human life.  Or die.
“How much Power  will we  continue   to let money Grab?”
     “We seem to be  in one of those periods  when money is perceived  as such a good  that it is sufficient justification  for any action.  Money is the  end  that justifies all means.”
     “The interests with money to spend  are buying power,  power the simple citizen lacks,  and the difference is money”
     “The question is this:  Is America  willing to cede  control of government,  indeed  of our society,  to the power of money?”
     “In the short run  there is probably no choice”
     “Should we fail to find a way  to stem this idea  that the dollar justifies anything,  we will end up with  an investment banker as our monarch.”
(Editorial comments by Andrew Barnes,  editor,  president  and chief executive  of the  St. Petersburg Times,  Sun. 4 June 89.)
     In a Free Society,  it is not possible to buy power  by spending Money.  The power that buys money— the means  of gaining objective values— is the power of invested Time.  Money is not an end.  Money is an  indirect means  to gain the goods  that one would have to produce— directly.  Honest money represents  Power to produce goods,  not the destructive Power  which  Charlotte Annes  and Harpies  proclaim!
     An Investment Banker  is not the same as a mobster— one Chooses to invest the goods  which make production possible;  the other  Violates the choices of Men  to  “grab”  the products.

5.                   STATUTE OF LIMITATION
     In a Capitalist system of government,  there is no  “Mandate from Heaven”  which remains  until an armed revolt changes this default  State of Authority.  There is no threat  that a generous endowment to K-Mart  will enable  the physical destruction of a competitor,  such as Sears.  Survival of each business  is subject to sovereign voters  who sustain or enjoin the candidates  in the Dollar democracy of the market.  Free Market purchases  do not subsidize  “Un-Fair,”  cut-throat competition.
     A person does not gain market power  with hired thugs,  lobbyists,  or foolish gifts to buy  dollar votes.  The greatest source of power  to influence the choices of other people— is the power to promote ideas.  This is why  Prohibition is so eagerly adopted  by politicians and bootleggers:  to limit the available elixirs.  Imbibers  are euphoric about popular distillations of booze and buncombe.  Hallucinations,  Hallelujahs and ratiocination  affect the choices of all those  who internalize them,  until internment interrupts the euphoria.  An idea has the Power of an Army  to recruit every person who enlists it  to direct his activities.  Money power is important,  but impotent,  without an idea  to direct its use.  The influence of Money  cannot be limited,  without destroying the Human faculty  for productive co-operation  and Civilization.
     Democratic  “Money” Votes  for Leaders:
     Although it has become a joke  that we have the best Politicians  money can buy,  it is literally true  that money buys  the best leaders of the free market.  When Men trade  using objectively valid money,  the currency  which they use to make exchanges,  is a product of  the investment of productive time.  Time is the initial price one pays  to create any Human value.
     When devalued inflation money  or counterfeit currency  is accepted by citizens  without protest,  a merchant is denounced as a thief  for refusing to accept it  in exchange for his goods.  Honest merchants  with reputations for quality goods  will disappear.  Inferior quality,  hazardous products  inevitably exchange for  inferior money.  A man who accepts debased money  at face value  faces the alternative:  enslave some other person  by fraud or coercion;  or redeem the fraud  by loss of his own life.  Man’s life is the sum of his time available to spend— to gain his choices.
     Individuals must  examine the representations of value  which they trade:  to protect the Currency of social relations;  and weed out  counterfeit and debased issues.  Extortion  will replace achievement and goods  when this is neglected.  Units of trade  for Credit and restitution  will become threats,  violence,  and retribution!  This substitution could not endure  without the approval of most every person  who trades in that market.
     Government  exercises the physical power  to arrest the activity of individuals.  Violent attack of Social relations  is arrested,  similar to defense against vicious attack of wild animals.  The Law of social relations  imposes the same force of restraint  that the Law of self preservation  imposes on every Man.  The means to achieve Lawful enforcement  and protect social collaboration  is Limited Government.  Valid Government  directs and limits the agents of violent coercion,  to defend  owners of goods  and their property.  Lawful Government does not violate  voluntary relations  or seize property,  except for restitution to owners.  Police officers serve those who associate peacefully.  Market competition for employment  is the principle to allocate pay for government workers,  Similar to other negotiated agreements.  Absence of Profit Signals  for government “services”  and limitation of Government discretion,  modifies compensation procedures for Public employees.  Ludwig von Mises  observed that:  The Jail and the Hotel are similar:  They have beds,  serve meals,  and provide lodging.  Yet,  they can not be mangled by the same principles.  The classic  government-business partnership  is the sheriff and bootlegger,  in a dry county.  Highway speed traps are an example of operating government as a business.

6.                   STATUTE OF LIBERTY
     The guard  who serves the depositors of a bank  is not competing with would-be robbers  when he protects the assets.  He is maintaining the climate of Liberty;  analogous to the service of air-conditioning,  which maintains the physical climate.  Government enforcement agents  protect the Social climate for Choices  of every person.
     Enforcement agents should be the most popular members of the community.  The monopoly  for the exercise of violent force  by enforcement agents,  should be delegated by the voluntary agreement of those who are subject to that power.  Only one Unit of society  is controlled by each Individual.  Only one vote by each Individual  is appropriate  to select these agents.  Some members  collude with others  to elect a gangster  who will assist them  in extorting goods from other people.  Democratic votes and  “Due Process”  does not convert a gang of thugs  into legitimate government.
     Taxation is the cost of Government.  Taxation is restraint.  A greater burden on a person  is taxing of strength,  or slowing down of activity.  The cost of productive action  is not a tax.  Trade activity is slowed and Taxed by  the cost of Protecting activity and goods.  Protection does not produce goods,  and a rudder  does not propel a ship.  Tillers and Taxation  are a drag  on the activity of Ships and Societies.  That drag is the price paid  to protect social activity,  and guide ships.
     The State  is not suitable to produce goods  or services— except for enforcement.  More taxation— less productive activity.  Ecstatic demagogues  propose taxation of  whiskey,  cigarettes,  and narcotic drugs,  to be extorted by force,  against unwilling taxpayers.  This creates barriers to individual choice  and unites men  to co-operate and revolt.
     Federal taxation of moonshine alcohol  and prohibition  destroyed respect for Law Enforcement.  The “Drug War”  attacks the individual right  to voluntary co-operation.  Government Seizure of  “Drug profits”  violates the property right  to the money votes  paid for voluntary exchange.  “Sin Taxes”  and plunder of the values paid for unpopular commerce,  attack peaceful co-operation  and personal choice.  Democracy  is a means to maintain  peaceful society.  Democratic plunder and prohibition  reward violent action.
     Leaders of the Free Market  release us from drudgery  of walking and dragging heavy burdens.  They provide motor fuel,  transportation services,  roller bearings,  and all the lubricants of Social relations;  such as prepared foods and deodorants.  The leaders of commerce  reduce the friction of the material restraints on satisfaction.  They compete  to offer more  and better quality  satisfaction of those with discriminating choices.
     The Leaders of choice  are those who discover new choices  and produce the goods  which buyers choose to buy.  Leadersof the market  loosen the restraints  which tax  Man's energy.  Servants of choice  restrain the activities  which break the social fabric.  When the Servants of choice  dominate the Leaders,  civilized relations are arrested by tyranny  and violence of civil war.

7.                   STATUTE OF LIMITATION
     The events in China  demonstrate the consequences of two opposite ideas  which guided the Chinese students  and directed Chinese soldiers.  The Liberty statue  and military tank  symbolize these ideas:  Allow men to unite  by internal choice  or compress men  into a social unit  by external force.
     “The question is this:   Is America willing  to cede control of government,  indeed of our society,  to the power of money?”
     “In the short run  there is probably no choice”
     (Andrew Barnes  Editor,  St. Petersburg Times)
     There is No other Choice available:  Money  or Guns!
     In every Human action  that a Man performs,  there is one constant:  the relation  between the action of his mind,  and the action  of his body.  A man can think  and direct his body,  or he can mindlessly flail about,  hoping that a value will result  from his random motions.  The faculty of King Midas  which turns into gold  the things a man touches,  is Human Reason.  Only Man’s Mind  can redirect the forces of nature  to achieve Human goals.
     Money is the  “Philosophers Stone”  of modern social metaphysics.  Money is the mystic tool  which is alleged  to reverse the sequence of:  cause — effect.
     “Seize a man’s money,  and his mind is under your control.”  This modern theory  is the basis of  Enforced  Progressive Income Taxation  and Mantatory  Public Education.
     The effects are:  Progressive school dropouts,  more drug addicts,  and violent crime.
     The mind  which submits  is not a Human Mind.
     The mind  which doesn’t,  is one of instinctive,   violent impulses.
     A Human Mind  is the autonomous sovereign of the human body.  Man’s mind  remains free to function,  when the products of a his body  are “grabbed”  by a looter.  It is not possible to control man’s mind  by controlling his body.  The only function of a Mind — is to direct the body.  When an effect  is stopped,  that activity  does not exist.  When Man’s body  is restrained by force— physical activity  stops!  Modern Doctrine alchemy  controls the mind,  and transforms a human being— into a  Zombie!
Dedicated to  Harvey Hertz — Capitalist.
Primary reference book:  Socialism,      by  Ludwig von Mises.
Intellectual property of:  S. L. McCarter,  Philosopher  (Epistemology).       26 June, 1989
Reproduction permitted:  of complete text only,  without changes in text,  as a separate article.
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